How to Treat Anal Fistula?

What is an Anal Fistula?

An anal fistula, a small tunnel forming between the skin surrounding the anus and the interior of the anal canal, often emerges as a consequence of an anal abscess—a collection of pus in the anal area. When the abscess fails to heal properly, it can give rise to the development of a fistula, presenting as a discomforting and potentially embarrassing health issue marked by pain, swelling, and discharge near the anus.

This abnormal pathway, originating in the upper part of the anus where the anal glands are situated, materializes when these glands succumb to infection. The resulting discharge from this infection is a contributing factor to the formation of a fistula. Termed a perianal abscess, this infection is linked to the condition, occasionally referred to as a perianal fistula, with "perianal" signifying the region surrounding the anus.

Why Does Anal Fistula Occur?

Anal fistulas usually develop as a complication of an anal abscess. Abscesses can form when small glands near the anus become blocked and infected. If the abscess doesn't drain completely, it can create a passage (fistula) between the anal gland and the skin, leading to persistent symptoms. Other factors that may contribute to the development of anal fistulas include Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, and certain sexually transmitted infections.