How to Treat Henoch Schonlein Purpura?

What is Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)?

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a rare form of vasculitis characterized by inflammation in small blood vessels, with a particular predilection for affecting children. This condition leads to the deposition of immune complexes in these vessels, resulting in a distinct set of symptoms. Among these are purpura, a reddish-purple rash that typically emerges on the skin, especially on the lower legs and buttocks. Additionally, individuals with HSP may experience joint pain, abdominal discomfort, and, in more unusual instances, kidney involvement.

The hallmark purpura, caused by bleeding into the skin due to inflamed blood vessels, is a key identifier of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. This rash, along with accompanying abdominal pain and joint discomfort, contributes to the clinical presentation of the disease. While the majority of cases are self-limiting and resolve on their own, severe instances can lead to kidney damage, emphasizing the importance of understanding and appropriately managing HSP.

Why Does Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Occur?

The precise cause of HSP remains not entirely clear, but it is generally associated with an abnormal immune system response. It often follows an upper respiratory tract infection, such as a cold, and may be triggered by genetic and environmental factors. The immune response results in the formation of immune complexes, which deposit in small blood vessels, causing inflammation and damage.

How Does Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Affect the Body?

HSP primarily affects the small blood vessels, leading to a range of symptoms. The most distinctive feature is purpura, which appears as small red or purple spots on the skin due to bleeding underneath. Joint pain and swelling, commonly affecting the knees and ankles, contribute to discomfort and mobility issues. Abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting in some cases, is another prevalent symptom. Kidney involvement, while less common, can result in complications such as blood in the urine and, rarely, more severe kidney problems.