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How to Treat Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

  • January 06, 2024
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How to Treat Stevens Johnson Syndrome?

What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a severe and rare skin reaction triggered by medications or infections. It falls under dermatological emergencies due to its life-threatening nature. SJS involves painful blisters, skin detachment, and affects mucous membranes in the eyes, mouth, and genital areas. It is related to toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). SJS and TEN are considered distinct diseases by some or varying severity levels of the same disease by others. SJS, generally less intense than TEN, may affect less than 10% of the body. Both conditions are potentially life-threatening, requiring immediate hospitalization and specialized care.

Why Does Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Occur?

SJS typically occurs as a hypersensitivity reaction to certain medications, most commonly antibiotics, anti-seizure drugs, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In some cases, it may also be associated with viral infections, such as herpes or mycoplasma pneumonia. The exact mechanism by which SJS develops is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response that leads to widespread inflammation and cell death in the skin and mucous membranes.

How Does Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Manifest?

The early symptoms of SJS may resemble those of a common viral infection, including fever, cough, and body aches. However, within a few days, a distinctive rash begins to appear, often starting on the face and chest and then spreading to other parts of the body. The rash quickly evolves into painful blisters, and the affected skin may begin to peel away in sheets. In severe cases, involvement of the mucous membranes can lead to significant complications, such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, and vision problems.

Diagnosis of SJS is typically based on clinical presentation and may be confirmed through skin biopsy and other laboratory tests. Early recognition and prompt medical intervention are crucial for a positive outcome.