What is Rubella ?
Rubella, commonly referred to as German measles or three-day measles, is a contagious viral illness that primarily impacts the skin and lymph nodes. It typically presents with a red rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes, beginning on the face and spreading throughout the body.
Symptoms of Rubella
- 1. Low-grade fever – Usually under 102°F (38.9°C)
- 2. Mild headache
- 3. Runny or stuffy nose
- 4. Swollen lymph nodes – Especially behind the ears and at the base of the skull
- 5. Distinctive rash – Begins on the face and spreads to the body, consisting of fine, pink dots
- 6. Malaise – General discomfort or feeling unwell
- 7. Mild conjunctivitis – Red or irritated eyes
Understanding the Impacts of Rubella on Your Health
Rubella primarily presents with mild symptoms such as a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes, which usually resolve within a few days. However, if a woman contracts rubella during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, it can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), resulting in birth defects like deafness, heart problems, and developmental delays. Early detection plays a key role in preventing these serious complications and enabling timely intervention, particularly for pregnant women.
Consult Our Infectious Disease Specialist
- Dr. Nopporn Apiwattanakul, MD : Specializes in infectious diseases, focusing on rubella and viral infections. Book Appointment
- Dr. Azela Glady, MBBS : Board-certified infectious disease specialist with expertise in rubella and viral infections. Book Appointment
- Dr. Besmira Zama, Ph.D (Dermatology) : Experienced infectious disease specialist known for a compassionate approach to patient care. Book Appointment
Importance and Benefits of Consulting a Infectious Disease Specialist Online
Consulting an infectious disease specialist, rubella is particularly dangerous for pregnant women in the first trimester as it can lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), causing birth defects such as deafness, heart problems, and developmental delays. Vaccination plays a vital role in preventing its spread and complications. Rubella mainly affects unvaccinated populations, especially in countries with low vaccination rates, such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.
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FAQ
Rubella spreads mainly through airborne respiratory droplets when infected people cough or sneeze. It can also transmit via direct contact with infected saliva or mucus. The virus spreads easily in crowded settings like schools and homes. Pregnant women can pass rubella to their unborn babies, potentially causing congenital rubella syndrome with serious birth defects.
The highest rubella risk is among unvaccinated individuals or those with incomplete vaccination. Non-immune pregnant women face serious dangers, as infection (especially in the first trimester) can cause congenital rubella syndrome in their babies. Other vulnerable groups include unvaccinated children, people traveling to areas with low vaccination rates, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Retry
Seek medical care if you develop a rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, or other rubella symptoms, especially if pregnant or planning pregnancy. Early diagnosis is crucial to assess risks, particularly for pregnant women, as rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome. Medical advice is also recommended after exposure to someone with rubella.
The rubella vaccine is typically given as part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. This highly effective prevention method is recommended for children and unvaccinated adults. Vaccination is particularly important for women of childbearing age to prevent congenital rubella syndrome in babies. The safe MMR vaccine has dramatically reduced global rubella cases.