What is Retinoblastoma ?
Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that forms in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It mainly affects young children and can cause vision problems or changes in the eye's appearance.
Symptoms of Retinoblastoma
- 1. Leukocoria: White reflex in the eye, often seen in photos
- 2. Strabismus: Crossed or misaligned eyes (lazy eye)
- 3. Vision loss: Difficulty seeing or blurred vision
- 4. Eye redness: Persistent redness in the eye
- 5. Eye swelling: Swelling around or in the eye
- 6. Eye pain: Discomfort in the eye, especially in advanced stages
- 7. Bulging eye: Protrusion or enlargement of the eye
The Hidden Impacts of Retinoblastoma on Vision
Retinoblastoma primarily affects vision, as it targets the retina, which is vital for sight. Without timely treatment, it can cause blindness in the affected eye(s), and in severe cases, eye removal may be necessary to prevent the cancer from spreading. Beyond physical effects, survivors often face hidden psychological and social challenges, including emotional distress, anxiety, and depression due to the visible impact of the disease and its treatment. Early diagnosis and holistic care are essential for better outcomes.
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- Dr. Tejpal Singh Shergill, MBBCH, FRCS(OPHTHALM... : Specializes in retinoblastoma care, focusing on treatment and vision preservation. Book Appointment
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The Importance and Benefits of Consulting an Optometrist Online
Consulting an optometrist is crucial, as retinoblastoma is more prevalent in developing countries, with higher incidence rates in regions like Jordan and Saudi Arabia compared to developed countries like the United States. The disease can recur in different forms, including within the eye (intraocular recurrence), in the orbit (orbital recurrence), or metastasize to other parts of the body. Research shows that many cases experience retinal tumor recurrence within the first year, with the risk persisting over time.
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FAQ
Retinoblastoma is caused by mutations in the RB1 gene, which plays a key role in controlling cell growth and preventing tumor formation. When this gene is mutated, retinal cells begin to grow uncontrollably, leading to the development of cancer. The condition can arise in two ways: inherited or spontaneous. In inherited cases, the mutation is passed down from a parent who carries the RB1 gene mutation, and it often affects both eyes (bilateral retinoblastoma). In spontaneous cases, the mutation occurs randomly during the child's development and typically affects only one eye (unilateral retinoblastoma). Regardless of the cause, the RB1 gene mutation disrupts normal retinal cell function, leading to the growth of tumors.
Retinoblastoma primarily affects young children, typically under the age of 5, and it is extremely rare for adults to develop the condition. In rare instances, individuals with hereditary retinoblastoma who were not diagnosed and treated in childhood may develop the disease later in life. This form of adult retinoblastoma is often linked to the inherited RB1 gene mutation, which may also increase the risk of other cancers. Nonetheless, retinoblastoma is generally considered a childhood cancer, with occurrences in adults being exceptionally rare.
Yes, retinoblastoma can recur, either in the same eye or in other parts of the body. Recurrence may occur as intraocular recurrence (cancer returning within the affected eye), orbital recurrence (cancer spreading to the orbit surrounding the eye), or metastasis (cancer spreading to other body parts). While the risk of recurrence is higher in the first few years after treatment, ongoing monitoring and follow-up care can help detect it early, improving the chances for successful treatment and outcomes.
Long-term effects of retinoblastoma treatment can include vision problems, especially if eye removal or radiation was necessary, leading to permanent vision loss. Children may experience growth or developmental delays, hearing loss from chemotherapy, and psychological challenges such as anxiety or low self-esteem. Those with hereditary retinoblastoma are at higher risk for other cancers later in life, and radiation treatment can cause cataracts, thyroid issues, or secondary cancers. Ongoing follow-up care is crucial to monitor and address these effects.