What is Epiglottis ?
Epiglottis is a small, leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage at the base of the tongue that protects the larynx (voice box) and prevents food or liquids from entering the airway during swallowing. The larynx guides air from the nose and mouth to the lungs.
Symptoms of Epiglottitis
- 1. Severe sore throat
- 2. High fever (100.4°F/38°C or higher)
- 3. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- 4. Muffled or hoarse voice (dysphonia)
- 5. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- 6. Drooling (due to trouble swallowing)
- 7. Stridor (high-pitched whistling sound when breathing)
The Full Impacts of Epiglottis on Your Health and Daily Life
The main impact of epiglottitis is its potential to obstruct the airway, leading to life-threatening breathing difficulties. If the epiglottis becomes inflamed, it can swell and block the windpipe, preventing air from reaching the lungs. The hidden impact, however, extends beyond the immediate danger to respiratory function. Epiglottitis can lead to long-term complications like neurological damage, chronic breathing issues, permanent larynx damage, and sepsis, which can cause organ failure if the infection spreads. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent these hidden, potentially devastating effects.
Consult Our Otolaryngologist / ENT
- Dr. Hani Alborhani, MASTER DEGREE / SYRI... : Specializes in ENT with a focus on diagnosing and treating epiglottitis and throat conditions. Book Appointment
- Dr. Vidit Rohit Shah, MBBS, MS : Board-certified ENT specialist with expertise in diagnosing and managing epiglottitis and other throat disorders. Book Appointment
- Dr. Omar Sowilem, MASTER : Experienced ENT specialist known for a compassionate approach to treating epiglottitis and throat disorders. Book Appointment
Importance and Benefits of Consulting a ENT Specialist Online
Consulting with an ENT specialist is crucial for epiglottitis to ensure prompt diagnosis and prevent life-threatening airway obstruction. Although global cases have significantly declined due to widespread Haemophilus influenzae vaccination, the condition remains more common in developing countries with lower vaccination rates. Some regions, like Eastern China, have recently seen a rise in cases, highlighting the ongoing need for vaccination efforts.
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FAQ
Epiglottitis is primarily caused by infections or injuries that lead to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. The most common cause is a bacterial infection, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), though other bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) can also be responsible. Viral infections such as varicella-zoster (chickenpox), herpes simplex, and influenza may contribute to the condition, while fungal infections are more common in individuals with weakened immune systems. Throat injuries, including trauma from foreign objects, burns from hot liquids, or inhalation of toxic substances, can also trigger epiglottitis. In some cases, severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can cause epiglottal swelling. Individuals with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk of developing epiglottitis. Widespread Hib vaccination has significantly reduced the number of cases, especially in children.
Individuals most at risk for epiglottitis include unvaccinated children, as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a leading cause of the condition. Adults with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, or those taking immunosuppressive medications, are also more susceptible. Ongoing respiratory infections, throat injuries, burns from hot liquids, or exposure to harmful chemicals can further increase the risk. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) may also cause swelling of the epiglottis, leading to airway obstruction. Additionally, smokers and substance users face a higher risk due to throat irritation. While Hib vaccination has significantly reduced cases, unvaccinated individuals and adults remain vulnerable.
Yes, epiglottitis can be prevented, primarily through vaccination. The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine is the most effective way to prevent epiglottitis, especially in children, significantly reducing the number of cases worldwide. Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and avoiding close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections, can also help reduce the risk. For adults, staying up to date with recommended vaccines and managing underlying health conditions that weaken the immune system can provide additional protection. Avoiding throat injuries, burns from hot liquids, and exposure to harmful chemicals further lowers the risk.
Epiglottitis itself is not contagious, but the bacteria or viruses that cause it can spread from person to person. The most common cause, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), can be transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact. While not everyone exposed to these germs will develop epiglottitis, they may carry the bacteria and potentially infect others, especially those who are unvaccinated or have weakened immune systems. Practicing good hygiene, like frequent handwashing and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, can help reduce the risk of spreading infections that may lead to epiglottitis.