What is Cholesteatoma ?
Cholesteatoma is a disorder characterized by an unusual accumulation of skin cells in the middle ear, frequently resulting from persistent ear infections or issues with the Eustachian tube.
Symptoms of Cholesteatoma
- 1. Foul Ear Discharge – Persistent, bad-smelling drainage
- 2. Hearing Loss – Gradual loss in the affected ear
- 3. Ear Fullness – Sensation of pressure or blockage
- 4. Ear Pain – Discomfort or aching in the ear
- 5. Dizziness – Balance issues or vertigo
- 6. Frequent Infections – Recurrent ear infections
- 7. Facial Weakness – Muscle weakness or paralysis on one side
Understanding the Impacts of Cholesteatoma on Your Health
The primary effect of cholesteatoma is gradual hearing loss, resulting from damage to the tiny bones and structures within the middle ear. More concerning, however, are the hidden risks—this abnormal growth can invade nearby tissues, potentially affecting the facial nerve and causing facial paralysis, or even spreading to the inner ear and brain, leading to serious conditions such as meningitis or brain abscesses. Without timely treatment, it can also cause ongoing infections, ear discomfort, and balance disturbances.
Consult Our Otolaryngologist / ENT
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Dr. Omar Sowilem, MASTER : Specializes in otolaryngology with a focus on cholesteatoma and ear health management.
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Dr. Vidit Rohit Shah, MBBS, MS : Board-certified ENT specialist with expertise in diagnosing and treating cholesteatoma and other ear-related conditions.
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Dr. Hani Alborhani, MASTER DEGREE / SYRI... : Experienced ENT specialist known for a compassionate approach to diagnosing and treating cholesteatoma and other ear conditions.
Importance and Benefits of Consulting a ENT Specialist Online
Consulting an ENT specialist early—especially with symptoms like ear discharge or hearing loss—is vital to prevent serious complications such as facial nerve damage or brain infections. Populations with a higher incidence of chronic middle ear infections, especially in children and young adults, are particularly at risk. Poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions, and limited access to healthcare contribute to its prevalence in regions such as parts of South Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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FAQ
Cholesteatoma often develops due to recurrent ear infections or Eustachian tube dysfunction, which disrupts the proper drainage of the middle ear. This leads to trapped skin cells accumulating and forming an abnormal growth. In some cases, it can be a congenital condition, present from birth, where skin cells grow incorrectly in the middle ear. Additionally, previous ear surgery or injury may contribute to its development by interfering with normal ear function. If untreated, cholesteatoma can result in hearing loss and severe complications.
If you experience persistent ear discharge, particularly if it has a foul smell, or notice hearing loss or a sensation of fullness in your ear, it's important to consult an ENT specialist. Additional symptoms that may require medical attention include ear pain, dizziness, or balance problems that do not improve. Those with a history of frequent ear infections or previous ear surgery should seek evaluation to rule out conditions such as cholesteatoma. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing complications and maintaining healthy hearing.
The primary treatment for cholesteatoma is surgery, aimed at eliminating the abnormal skin cell growth in the middle ear to prevent further damage to structures like the bones or facial nerve. The procedure's extent depends on the cholesteatoma's size and location, potentially involving partial or complete tissue removal. In some instances, middle ear reconstruction may be necessary to restore hearing. Post-surgical follow-ups are crucial to monitor for recurrence, and additional surgeries might be required for full removal. If an active ear infection is present, antibiotics may also be prescribed.
If left untreated, cholesteatoma can become a serious condition. The abnormal accumulation of skin cells in the middle ear can progressively damage the delicate bones and structures essential for hearing, leading to hearing loss. As it advances, it may erode surrounding tissues, including the facial nerve, potentially causing facial paralysis. In severe cases, cholesteatoma can extend to the inner ear, resulting in dizziness, balance disturbances, and even life-threatening complications such as meningitis or brain abscesses. Prompt diagnosis and treatment by an ENT specialist are crucial to prevent these risks and safeguard ear health.